Abbreviation | Meaning |
---|---|
anon. | anonymous |
ch. | chapter |
ed. | editor; edition; edited by |
eds. | editors. Note: use eds. only after, never before, the names of two or more editors |
et al. | and others. Note: et does not need a full stop as it is a complete Latin word |
fig. | figure |
ibid. | in the same place. Use when the immediately preceding citation is the same work |
ill. | illustration; illustrator |
n.d. | no date; not determined |
no. | number (plural is nos.) |
n.p. | no place; no publisher; no page |
op.cit. | as previously cited. Use when repeating a source previously cited in full. e.g. Author's family name, op.cit., p. 531. |
p. | page (plural is pp.) |
per. comm. | personal communication. Used for emails, interviews etc |
pt. | part |
pub. | publication; publisher; published by |
rev. | review; revision; revised by |
trans. | translated by; translator(s) |
vol. | volume |
Put a full stop when the abbreviation ends in a lower case letter e.g. Mr.; St. Paul; Pt. Arthur
Do not use a full stop when the abbreviation uses capital letters e.g. US; NY
When a state/territory follows a town it is enclosed with commas e.g. Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Aust.
Names: Initials for given names are followed by a full stop and a space e.g. P. D. James; M. F. K. Fisher